Kidney disease in dogs is a serious condition that can significantly affect your dog’s quality of life. As a pet owner, it’s crucial to be informed about the stages, symptoms, causes, and available treatments to manage this condition effectively. This comprehensive guide will delve into these aspects and provide insights into medications and special dietary considerations, including a homemade diet.
I’ve had two dogs with kidney failure, and I’ve learned a lot along the way. If I had known years ago what I know now, things might have been different for my late dog Obi… I have learned a lot since then, and my current kidney patient, Billy, is better because of it. I can’t change the past, but I hope to positively impact some dogs’ futures by helping their owners navigate this difficult condition.
Stages of Kidney Disease in Dogs
Kidney disease in dogs is typically classified into four stages based on the severity of the condition:
Stage 1: Early Kidney Damage
- Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, but may show slight increases in thirst and urination.
- Diagnosis: Detected through blood tests showing elevated creatinine and BUN levels.
Stage 2: Mild Renal Insufficiency
- Symptoms: Increased thirst (polydipsia) and urination (polyuria), potential loss of appetite, and slight weight loss.
- Diagnosis: Blood tests show higher levels of creatinine and BUN. Urine may be less concentrated.
Stage 3: Moderate Renal Failure
- Symptoms: Noticeable weight loss, poor appetite, vomiting, lethargy, and potential dehydration.
- Diagnosis: Blood tests show significant elevation in creatinine and BUN levels, indicating reduced kidney function.
Stage 4: Severe Renal Failure
- Symptoms: Severe weight loss, frequent vomiting, diarrhea, bad breath (uremic odor), and oral ulcers. Dogs may also experience anemia and significant lethargy.
- Diagnosis: Very high levels of creatinine and BUN in blood tests, indicating critical kidney function impairment.
Symptoms of Kidney Disease
Kidney disease symptoms can vary depending on the stage and severity of the condition. Common signs to watch out for include:
- Increased thirst and urination
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Vomiting
- Lethargy and weakness
- Bad breath (uremic odor)
- Oral ulcers
- Pale gums (anemia)
- High blood pressure
Causes of Kidney Disease
Several factors can contribute to kidney disease in dogs, including:
- Age: Older dogs are more prone to kidney issues.
- Breed: Certain breeds, such as Bull Terriers, Cairn Terriers, and German Shepherds, have a higher predisposition.
- Genetics: Some dogs inherit a predisposition to kidney disease.
- Infections: Bacterial infections like leptospirosis and leishmaniasis can damage the kidneys.
- Toxins: Ingestion of harmful substances like antifreeze or certain medications.
- Chronic Conditions: Conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes can lead to kidney damage over time.
Medications for Kidney Disease
Managing kidney disease often involves a combination of medications to address various symptoms and underlying causes. Key medications include:
Pronefra:
- Function: Pronefra helps to support renal function by binding phosphorus in the intestines, reducing its absorption and mitigating hyperphosphatemia, which is common in kidney disease.
- Administration: It’s given orally in liquid form, usually twice daily. Most dogs like its flavour.
Semintra (Telmisartan):
- Function: Semintra is an angiotensin receptor blocker that helps manage high blood pressure associated with kidney disease. It also reduces proteinuria (excess protein in urine).
- Administration: Given orally, often once daily in liquid form or pills.
Dialix:
- Function: Dialix contains a blend of natural ingredients designed to support kidney function, reduce inflammation, and promote urinary health. It helps manage calcium oxalate, cysteine, and urate bladder stones.
- Administration: Given orally, twice a day, as a very tasty treat.
Omeprazole:
- Function: Omeprazole reduces the stomach’s acid and prevents and treats stomach ulcers. It forms a layer to protect the stomach and helps with nausea.
- Administration: Available in tablet form and given as directed by your veterinarian.
We give Billy all of the above. Dogs with kidney failure usually feel nauseated. The kidneys aren’t working properly anymore, causing toxins to enter the body. If they feel nauseated, they might stop eating, which leads to the kidneys failing even more. Your dog must eat something, even if it’s not within his special kidney diet. It’s always better to eat something that’s not great for the kidneys, than to eat nothing at all.
Special Diet for Dogs with Kidney Disease
Diet plays a critical role in managing kidney disease. A specially formulated diet can help reduce the workload on the kidneys and manage symptoms. Key dietary considerations include:
- Low Phosphorus & Sodium: Reducing phosphorus and salt intake is essential as damaged kidneys cannot filter them effectively.
- High-Quality Protein: Limiting protein helps reduce waste buildup, but it should be high-quality to meet nutritional needs.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These help reduce inflammation and support overall kidney health.
Homemade Diet: Sardines, Potatoes, and Green Beans
Ingredients:
- Sardines: Rich in omega-3 fatty acids and high-quality protein.
- Potatoes: Provide a low-phosphorus carbohydrate source.
- Green Beans: Offer fiber and essential vitamins while being low in phosphorus.
Preparation:
- Cook the Sardines: Lightly cook fresh or canned sardines (in water, not oil or salt).
- Prepare the Potatoes: Boil or bake potatoes without adding salt. Mash them for easy digestion.
- Cook the Green Beans: Steam or boil green beans until soft.
Serving:
- Mix the sardines, potatoes, and green beans in proportions recommended by your vet based on your dog’s specific needs.
- Give 1/3 of each.
Important Note: Always consult with your veterinarian before making any dietary changes or introducing new foods to ensure they meet your dog’s specific health needs.
Fluids & Bloodwork
Regular fluid therapy and blood checkups are crucial for managing kidney failure in dogs. Frequent vet visits to administer fluids help keep your dog’s kidneys functioning and flush out toxins. Your vet will decide whether or not your dog is in a stage where this is necessary and how often.
Blood tests are essential to monitor kidney function, ensuring timely adjustments to treatment plans. This proactive approach can significantly improve your dog’s quality of life, making those vet trips well worth it for their well-being.
We started by testing Billy’s blood every 6 months, then every month as her disease progressed. She used to get fluids once a month, now it’s once a week for a day. It’s one of the main things that keep her going. She is in the last stage and doesn’t get the kidney diet anymore. We give her whatever she wants to eat at this point, because like I explained earlier, it’s better than not eating at all.
If your dog, like Billy, has heart problems, you might want to look into additional medication such as Cardisure or Sildenafil with your vet. Getting fluids is great for the kidneys but can be heavy on the heart as it needs to work harder to pump the fluids around the body.
Conclusion
Kidney disease in dogs is challenging, but with early detection, appropriate medication, and a specialised diet, it can be managed effectively. Regular veterinary check-ups and a keen eye on your dog’s symptoms and behaviour are essential for maintaining their quality of life. Remember, a dog with kidney disease will have strong ups and downs. Most days will be good, but the bad days can be terrible. Don’t lose hope! By understanding the stages, symptoms, and treatment options, you can provide the best care for your furry friend and help them live a healthier, happier life.