1. Xylitol
Xylitol or birch sugar is a sugar substitute commonly found in sugar-free gum and other sugar-free products, peanut butter (though most popular brands have stopped using this) and toothpaste. It can cause a rapid insulin release in dogs, leading to low blood sugar and potentially life-threatening liver failure. Symptoms of xylitol poisoning in dogs may include vomiting, loss of coordination and loss of consciousness.
2. Chocolate
Chocolate is toxic to dogs because it contains a chemical called theobromine, similar to caffeine. Theobromine is a stimulant that can cause rapid heart rate, tremors and seizures in dogs. Dark chocolate and unsweetened baking chocolate contain higher levels of theobromine than milk chocolate and are more likely to be toxic.
3. Alcohol
Even small amounts of alcohol can cause problems for dogs, including vomiting, difficulty breathing and even death. In addition, alcohol can interact with certain medications, making them more dangerous for dogs.
4. Raw Dough
Raw dough contains yeast, which can cause the dough to rise in the dog’s stomach. This can cause uncomfortable bloating and gas, and in severe cases, it can lead to a potentially life-threatening condition known as gastric dilation volvulus (GDV), also known as a twisted stomach. Yeast also ferments in the digestive tract, creating alcohol, which can lead to alcohol poisoning.
5. Onions and Chives
Onions and chives are toxic to dogs because they contain compounds that can damage their red blood cells. When these red blood cells are damaged, they become more fragile and prone to rupture. When enough red blood cells rupture, the dog can develop anaemia, which can be dangerous or even fatal if left untreated.
6. Grapes and Raisins
Grapes and raisins can be toxic to dogs, although the exact reason is unclear. A toxic substance is thought to be present in grapes and raisins that can damage dogs’ kidneys, leading to potentially serious health problems. This can happen even if the dog only eats a small amount of grapes or raisins. Symptoms of grape or raisin toxicity in dogs can include vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and loss of appetite. In severe cases, it can lead to kidney failure, which can be fatal if not treated promptly.
7. Macademia Nuts
Macadamia nuts are toxic to dogs because they contain a toxin that can affect the dog’s nervous system. This toxin can cause symptoms such as vomiting, tremors and difficulty walking. In severe cases, ingestion of macadamia nuts can lead to hyperthermia, increased heart rate and difficulty breathing.